Before you get started

Can you do it yourself?
Have you ever installed phone lines, TV cable, security, or other low-voltage wiring? If so, then you probably already have the skills and tools you'll need to install in-wall wiring. In most locales, a homeowner is allowed to install his or her own low-voltage wiring. However, each state has its own code, as do some cities and counties, so check with your local building inspector to be sure.

If you don't have much wiring experience, read this guide thoroughly to get an idea of the steps and work involved. You'll notice that the skills required and the work involved varies, especially between new construction and finished homes, since it's generally easier to install wire before the insulation and drywall go up. Be sure you're experienced in the safe use of power drills, hand tools, and ladders. Also, the process will go more smoothly with two people, so make sure you have a helper for some of the more labor-intensive parts. Finally, if you'd prefer not to pull the wire yourself, or don't have the proper tools, hire a professional. You can still save money later by installing the audio/video gear yourself.

Take a look at the chart below. What kind of installation do you want to do? Do you feel confident about the skills and tools involved?

See the chart above to determine which tools you'll need for your wiring project. You'll probably also need a partner to help you with some of the installation steps.

Here are some of the tools you may need for your project: (A) electrical tape; (B) measuring tape; (C) a stud finder; (D) a utility knife; (E) a drywall saw; (F) string (for pulling wire short distances); (G) a fish tape (for pulling wire longer distances).

Safety tips
Make sure that you have a thorough understanding of local building and fire codes. Also read and follow the safety guidelines below and those in the owner's manual.

• Be sure to use wire that meets local building and fire code. Use UL-rated wire labeled CL2 or CL3 for in-wall installations of speaker and audio/video cables, and CM, CMR, or CMP for in-wall installations of Ethernet cable.
• If installing in a house under construction, follow the safety procedures set in place by your builder, including those relating to the use and storage of extension cords and power tools. Some sites may require a hard hat or other protective clothing. Remember, you're working on a construction site, so exercise caution.
• In installing in a finished home, make sure the area behind your wall is clear before cutting (using the techniques discussed in our section on running wire through existing walls).
• If you drill through a fire block or firebreak, patch it with comparable material. If you drill holes between floors, seal them with fire-resistant caulk per National Electric Code standards.
• When working on a ladder:
  • Place your ladder in a stable position close to where you're working. Don't reach.
  • Always have one hand on the ladder.
  • Face the ladder when ascending or descending.
  • Don't carry heavy items up the ladder that could cause you to lose your balance and fall.
• Unplug your components before connecting the newly installed cables.
• Turn off the power in areas you'll be drilling or cutting to avoid electric shock.
• When working in the attic:
  • If it's not a finished attic, be careful to walk only on ceiling joists.
  • These areas are often poorly ventilated. Stay hydrated and use a fan to circulate air if you can. Make sure someone knows that you're up there, and take breaks when you need to.
• It might be tempting to route AC power cables through the wall — to hide power running to a wall-mounted TV or other gear — but those cables aren't designed for safe in-wall use. Hire a licensed electrician to install outlets if necessary.